Modeling TEC Irregularities in the Arctic Ionosphere Using Empirical Orthogonal Function Method

We develop a climatological model for the Arctic ionosphere based on more than one solar cycle of data (2010–2021) rate change total electron content index (ROTI) maps from International GNSS Service (IGS). The IGS ROTI are daily averaged in magnetic latitude and local time coordinates. To model, decomposed into base functions coefficients using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method. EOF method converges very quickly, first four EOFs reflect majority (96%) variability. Furthermore, different components can drivers ionospheric irregularities. reflects activity impact radiation geomagnetic activity; second interplanetary field (IMF) Bz electric field; third fourth dawn-dusk asymmetry around auroral oval polar cap, they be related to IMF By. build an we fit helio-geophysical indices categories (solar indices; IMF; wind coupling function). final is dependent seven selected (F10.7P, Kp, Dst, Bt, By, Bz, EKL). statistical data-model comparisons show satisfactory results with good correlation coefficient. However, cannot capture significant expansion dayside during strong storms. Future effort needed provide corrections severe